Identification number in logistics and manufacturing

The identification number (ID) plays a central role in logistics and manufacturing. It is used to uniquely identify materials, products, components or packaging units.

This enables seamless traceability throughout the entire value chain.

• Every product, component and material is assigned a unique identification number to ensure clear differentiation throughout the entire process.
• This number forms the basis for traceability, quality assurance and precise, digital stock management.
• There are clear functional and organisational differences between item numbers, serial numbers, batch numbers and GTINs.
• Companies are increasingly assigning, managing and integrating identification numbers digitally into their ERP and logistics systems.

What is an identification number?

An identification number in logistics and manufacturing is a unique identifier assigned to a product, component, storage location or means of transport.

It enables the digital recording, management and tracking of materials across all process steps – from production through dispatch to delivery to the customer.

Standardised numbering systems ensure that every item can be uniquely identified.

This forms the basis for automated processes, efficient warehouse management and transparent supply chains.

Types of identification numbers

• An article number uniquely identifies products or components internally within a company's inventory management system.
• A serial number allows each individual unit of a product to be uniquely identified.
• The batch number assigns products to a specific production batch and supports traceability during quality checks.
• A GTIN provides a standardised international identification for retail items and is often displayed as a barcode on packaging.
• RFID tags enable the contactless capture of IDs and support automated logistics processes.

Typical areas of application

Identification numbers are used in almost all areas of industrial value creation:

• In production, IDs enable the unique assignment of components to work orders and production lines.
• Warehouse management uses identification numbers for the automated recording of goods receipts, stock transfers and order picking.
• For quality assurance, IDs ensure reliable traceability of materials and production batches.
• In dispatch, identification numbers support the seamless tracking of consignments, containers and pallets.
• In maintenance, serial numbers facilitate the allocation of spare parts and documented maintenance histories.

How are identification numbers assigned or verified?

In logistics and manufacturing, identification numbers are systematically assigned by ERP, MES or WMS systems, or in accordance with GS1 standards.

Barcodes and RFID link physical objects to digital data records. Verification is carried out by matching master data or by scanning, to ensure that products can be uniquely identified.

A consistent numbering structure reduces data errors and supports efficient, secure processes in production, warehouse management and dispatch.

Combining ergonomics and efficiency at the packing table

With Rocholz, you can design packaging workstations in such a way that ergonomics, process reliability and efficiency are effectively combined in day-to-day operations.

Ergoficiency® uses objective data to highlight strain, time wastage and organisational weaknesses, creating a solid foundation for targeted improvements.

Using the packing table configurator, you can then plan a solution that is ergonomically well thought-out and precisely tailored to your processes and requirements.

FAQ on identification number

What is the difference between an article number and a serial number?

The article number identifies a product model or product group, whilst the serial number uniquely identifies each individual unit. Serial numbers are particularly important for traceability, warranty and maintenance.

How are identification numbers assigned during manufacturing?

In modern manufacturing environments, identification numbers are generated automatically by ERP or MES systems. They can also be assigned in accordance with international standards (e.g. GS1) to ensure consistent communication throughout the supply chain.

Why are identification numbers important in logistics?

They enable seamless traceability of goods, reduce errors in warehouse management and form the basis for automated processes – from goods-in booking to dispatch.